Chiyambi Chachidule cha Disc Plow

     Mtundu wa discndi chida chaulimi chomwe chimakhala ndi tsamba lolemera kumapeto kwa mtengo.Nthawi zambiri amamangiriridwa ku gulu la ziweto kapena magalimoto omwe amakoka, koma amayendetsedwanso ndi anthu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthyola dothi ndi kulima ngalande pokonzekera kubzala.

Mapulawo makamaka amaphatikizira makasu ogawana, pulawo ya disc, pulawo ya rotary ndi mitundu ina.

Zaka 5,500 zapitazo, alimi a ku Mesopotamiya ndi ku Iguputo anayamba kuyesetsa kugwiritsa ntchito makasu.Mapulawo oyambirira anali opangidwa ndi matabwa ooneka ngati Y.Nthambi ya m'munsi inajambulidwa kukhala mutu wosongoka ndi nthambi ziwiri zapamwamba Kenako zogwirira ntchito ziwiri zinapangidwa.Chikhasucho ankachimanga pa chingwe n’kuchikoka ndi ng’ombe.Mutu wosongoka unakumba kampata kocheperako m’nthaka.Alimi ankatha kugwiritsa ntchito zogwirira ntchito poyendetsa pulawo.Pofika m’zaka za m’ma 3000 BC, chikhasucho chinawongoleredwa.Nsonga yake imapangidwa kukhala cholima chomwe chimatha kuthyola nthaka mwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo mbale yotsetsereka imawonjezeredwa yomwe imatha kukankhira nthaka m'mbali.Chikhasu cha ku China chinasintha kuchokera ku kangaude.Ikhoza kutchedwanso rake poyamba.Ng'ombe zitagwiritsidwa ntchito kukoka khasu, pulawoyo inkasiyanitsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi khasu.Dzina loyenerera la pulawo linayamba kukhalapo.Khasulo linawonekera mu Mzera wa Shang ndipo linalembedwa m'mafupa a oracle.Mapulawo oyambirira anali osavuta mawonekedwe ndipo adawonekera kuchokera kumapeto kwa Western Zhou Dynasty mpaka nyengo ya Spring ndi Autumn.Mapulawo achitsulo anayamba kukokedwa ndi ng’ombe kuti azilima m’minda.Mapulawo a shaft yowongoka adawonekera mu ufumu wa Western Han.Anali ndi zolimira ndi zomangira chabe.Komabe, m’madera amene mulibe ng’ombe zolima, makasu opondaponda ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafuko ochepa ku Sichuan, Guizhou ndi zigawo zina.Pali chinthu chenicheni chokhala ndi pulawo yopondaponda.Kulima kumatchedwanso phazi.Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amapondedwa ndi mapazi kuti akwaniritse zotsatira za kutembenuza nthaka.

Khasulo ndi lopangidwa ngati sipuni, pafupifupi mamita 6 m’litali, ndipo lili ndi chipilala chopitirira phazi.Malo amene manja awiriwo agwiraponso ndi pa chokokera cha pulawo.Chogwirira chachifupi chimayikidwa kumanzere.Malo omwe Zuoxian amaponda alinso pa chogwirira cha pulawo.Chogwirira chachifupi chimayikidwa kumanzere.Malo omwe phazi lakumanzere lipondaponso ndi pulawo kwa masiku asanu.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ng'ombe yolima kwa tsiku limodzi, koma osati yozama ngati nthaka.